Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies (2020), (2020), 101, pp. 191–212
Présentation (FED) : Cet article examine la coexistence au Brésil de deux projets : un projet de souveraineté alimentaire basé sur l'agriculture familiale et un projet de sécurité alimentaire basé sur l'agro-industrie, en posant les questions de régime foncier et les politiques visant à promouvoir la sécurité alimentaire. Le projet de souveraineté alimentaire a réuni des mouvements sociaux, dont l’un mouvement prônait l'agroécologie, et l’agriculture familiale a été un pilier de la politique de sécurité alimentaire. Cependant, l'agro-industrie est devenue progressivement plus organisée et a bénéficié d’un soutien de l'État, assurant au Brésil la position de leader sur les marchés internationaux des produits de base tout en «verdissant» son image. Face à la crise économique et politique qui secoue le pays depuis 2015, le projet de souveraineté alimentaire a décliné, tandis que l'agroalimentaire et son système agroalimentaire mondial de haute technologie ont poursuivi leur expansion.
Abstract (authors) : This article examines the coexistence in Brazil of two projects: a project for food sovereignty based on family farming and a project for food security based on agribusiness. Drawing on a series of field investigations focused on family farming, questions of land tenure, and policies to promote food security in Brazil, our analysis seeks to place the competition between family farming and agribusiness in historical context, examining the “unequal coexistence” of these two projects within the state apparatus from 1985 to 2015. We show how the project for food sovereignty brought together multiple social movements, including a core movement advocating agroecology, and how family farming was recognized as a key pillar within Brazil’s national food security policy. Over the same period, however, agribusiness became more organized and was strengthened by considerable state support, securing Brazil’s position of leadership within international commodity markets even as it “greened” its image. Faced with the economic and political crisis that has shaken the country since 2015, the project for food sovereignty has declined, while agribusiness and its high-technology, global agrifood system have continued to expand, opening a path for an agricultural scenario in which the right to coexistence is nothing more than a utopian idea.
Lien : https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41130-020-00099-8#citeas
