Metabolic relationships between cities and hinterland: a political-industrial ecology of energy metabolism of Saint-Nazaire metropolitan and port area (France)

    (), Volume 167, January 2020, 106447

    Présentation (FED) : Les auteurs étudient le métabolisme urbain qui retrace les flux de matières, d'énergie, d'eau, de déchets entre les villes et leurs hinterlands. Cela se traduit par des relations de pouvoir entre les villes et leurs arrière-pays. La question est de savoir si ces liens socio-matériels sont fondés sur des synergies et des coopérations ou sur des déséquilibres de pouvoir et des conflits. L’étude porte sur l'aire métropolitaine de Saint-Nazaire, qui comprend une zone portuaire avec des sites industriels très énergivores opérant dans les secteurs de la sidérurgie, de la pétrochimie et de l'agroalimentaire. À partir d'une analyse des flux énergétiques, des politiques institutionnelles et des pratiques professionnelles, les auteurs identifient plusieurs situations de relations « arrière-pays-ville » qui façonnent et sont façonnées par le métabolisme de la ville.

    Abstract (authors) : Research on urban metabolism (UM) focuses on cities' material and energy systems by identifying paths and transformation processes of all kinds of flows in urban contexts. In particular, scientific studies aim to trace the origin and destination of materials, energy, water, emissions and waste flows in order to understand relationships between cities and other spatial areas (hinterlands) that lead to political, social and environment consequences. This research paper aims to analyze complex power relationships between cities and their hinterlands. In particular, the objective is to understand the nature of these socio-material links. Are they based on synergies and cooperation, or, on the contrary, on unbalanced power and conflicts? We propose an approach which combines methodologies with the tools of Energy Flow Analysis (EFA) and semi-structured interviews, in order to develop a “political-industrial ecology” of energy metabolism (Breetz 2017; Cousins and Newell 2015). We have studied the Saint-Nazaire metropolitan area, which is constituted by an urban area and a port zone. This harbor consists in a complex network of highly energy-intensive industrial sites operating in the steel, petrochemical and agri-food industries. Based on an analysis of energy flows, institutional policies and professional practices, we have identified several situations of metabolic links that exist simultaneously. In conclusion, the metabolic relationships' framework is useful to understand how the “hinterlands-city” relationships shape and are shaped by the city's metabolism.

    Lien : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800919305701