Landscape and Urban Planning (2018), Vol. 179: pp. 1-116, nov. 2018
Présentation (FED) : Etude de corridors écologiques permettant de réduire, sans trop modifier les activités humaines, la fragmentation des habitats et de préserver la biodiversité dans des régions fortement anthropisées. La combinaison de types de paysages et de six espèces d’oiseaux selon leur habitat (zones humides, agricoles, forêts) montre que 10 paysages, principalement boisés, sur les 72 étudiés abritent simultanément 3 espèces, alors que des paysages urbain ou agricoles sont défavorables à toute les espèces. Tout en préservant les usages de sols, il est possible d’améliorer la connectivité des paysages, ce qui permet de proposer des modes de gestion plus favorables à la majorité des espèce d’oiseaux.
Abstract (authors) : Environmental policies have highlighted the importance of preserving ecological networks to limit the fragmentation of natural habitats and biodiversity loss. A crucial issue for landscape managers is how to reconcile conservation measures that benefit all species and the maintenance of human activities. This study aimed to promote landscape multifunctionality, i.e., improving connectivity for several species without significantly modifying human activities. The objectives were to identify the most strategic natural landscape types to prioritize for preservation and to propose landscape management actions in highly anthropized areas that would benefit a majority of species. The analysis combined landscape types and bird species observation data to model landscape suitability for six species profiles defined by their affinity for wetlands, agricultural areas, urban areas and three types of forested landscapes. By graph modelling, we analysed the functional connectivity of the ecological networks of these species profiles. The results revealed that only ten landscape types out of 72 were core habitats for three species profiles simultaneously. These were primarily forested landscape types — either strict or associated with open areas (wasteland, forest clearing). Conversely, some anthropogenic landscapes dominated by built areas and sometimes shared with agriculture were completely unfavourable for all species profiles. The graph modelling analysis showed that the transformation of some landscape types could potentially improve connectivity for four species profiles presenting different ecological requirements. This coupling approach thus provided guidance to propose some landscape management actions that benefit the majority of species while preserving land uses.
Lien : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01844636
- Ecological networkFunctional connectivityGraph theoryLandscape composition and configurationLandscape multifunctionalityLandscape-based approach